April 22

April 22 is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 253 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil.
• 1529 – Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal along a line 297.5 leagues or 17° east of the Moluccas.
• 1809 – The second day of the Battle of Eckmühl sees the Austrian army defeated by the First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France and driven over the Danube at Regensburg.
• 1836 – Texas Revolution: A day after the Battle of San Jacinto, forces under Texas General Sam Houston capture Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Grierson's Raid begins – troops under Union Army Colonel Benjamin Grierson attack central Mississippi.
• 1864 – The U.S. Congress passes the Coinage Act of 1864 which mandates that the inscription "In God We Trust" be placed on all coins minted as United States currency.
• 1889 – At high noon, thousands rush to claim land in the Land Run of 1889. Within hours the cities of Oklahoma City and Guthrie are formed with populations of at least 10,000.
• 1898 – Spanish-American War: The United States Navy begins a blockade of Cuban ports and the USS Nashville captures a Spanish merchant ship.
• 1906 – The 1906 Summer Olympics, not now recognized as part of the official Olympic Games, open in Athens.
• 1912 – Pravda, the "voice" of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, begins publication in Saint Petersburg.
• 1915 – The use of poison gas in World War I escalates when chlorine gas is released as a chemical weapon in the Second Battle of Ypres.
• 1930 – The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting shipbuilding.
• 1944 – World War II: Operation Persecution is initiated – Allied forces land in the Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura) area of New Guinea.
• 1945 – World War II: Prisoners at the Jasenovac concentration camp revolt. 520 are killed and 80 escape.
• 1945 – World War II: Fuehrerbunker: After learning that Soviet forces have taken Eberswalde without a fight, Adolf Hitler admits defeat in his underground bunker and states that suicide is his only recourse.
• 1954 – Red Scare: The Army-McCarthy Hearings begin.
• 1964 – The 1964-1965 New York World's Fair opens for its first season.
• 1969 – British yachtsman Sir Robin Knox-Johnston completes the first solo non-stop circumnavigation of the world.
• 1970 – The first Earth Day is celebrated.
• 1972 – Vietnam War: Increased American bombing in Vietnam prompts anti-war protests in Los Angeles, New York City, and San Francisco.
• 1979 – The Albert Einstein Memorial is unveiled at The National Academy of Sciences in Washington, DC.
• 1983 – The German magazine Der Stern claims that the "Hitler Diaries" had been found in wreckage in East Germany; the diaries are subsequently revealed to be forgeries.
• 1991 – The Social Democratic Party of Albania is founded.
• 1992 – In an explosion in Guadalajara, Mexico, 206 people are killed, nearly 500 injured and 15,000 left homeless.
• 1993 – The Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. is dedicated.
• 1993 – Version 1.0 of the Mosaic web browser is released.
• 1997 – Haouch Khemisti massacre in Algeria – 93 villagers killed.
• 1997 – The Japanese embassy hostage crisis ends in Lima, Peru.
• 1998 – Disney's Animal Kingdom opens at Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida, United States.
• 2000 – In a pre-dawn raid, federal agents seize six-year-old Elián González from his relatives' home in Miami, Florida.
• 2000 – The Big Number Change takes place in the United Kingdom.
• 2000 – Second Battle of Elephant Pass, Tamil Tigers capture a strategic Sri Lankan Army base and hold it for 8 years.
• 2004 – Two fuel trains collide in Ryongchon, North Korea, killing up to 150 people.
• 2005 – Japan's Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi apologized about Japan's war records.
• 2006 – 243 people are injured in pro-democracy protest in Nepal after Nepali security forces open fire on protesters against King Gyanendra.
• 2008 – The United States Air Force retires the remaining F-117 Nighthawk aircraft in service.

Births

• 1451 – Isabella I of Castile (d. 1504)
• 1610 – Pope Alexander VIII (d. 1691)
• 1658 – Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (d. 1709)
• 1690 – John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, English statesman (d. 1763)
• 1692 – James Stirling, Scottish mathematician (d. 1770)
• 1707 – Henry Fielding, English author (d. 1754)
• 1711 – Eleazar Wheelock, American founder of Dartmouth College (d. 1779)
• 1724 – Immanuel Kant, German philosopher (d. 1804)
• 1744 – James Sullivan, 7th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1808)
• 1766 – Madame de Staël, French author (d. 1817)
• 1812 – Solomon Caesar Malan, British orientalist (d. 1894)
• 1816 – Charles Denis Bourbaki, French general (d. 1897)
• 1832 – Julius Sterling Morton, Arbor Day founder (d. 1902)
• 1840 – Odilon Redon, French painter (d. 1916)
• 1844 – Lewis Thornton Powell, would-be assassin of United States Secretary of State William H. Seward (d. 1865)
• 1852 – Guillaume IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 1912)
• 1854 – Henri La Fontaine, Belgian lawyer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1943)
• 1860 – Ada Rehan, American stage actress (d. 1916)
• 1868 – Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria (d. 1924)
• 1870 – Vladimir Lenin, Russian revolutionary (d. 1924)
• 1872 – Princess Margaret of Prussia, queen of Finland (d. 1954)
• 1873 – Ellen Glasgow, American author (d. 1945)
• 1876 – Robert Bárány, Austrian physician, Nobel laureate (d. 1936)
• 1876 – Georg Lurich, Estonian wrestler (d. 1920)
• 1881 – Alexander Kerensky, Russian politician (d. 1970)
• 1884 – Otto Rank, Austrian psychologist (d. 1939)
• 1886 – Izidor Cankar, Slovenian art historian, essayist and diplomat (d. 1958)
• 1889 – Richard Glücks, German SS officer and concentration camp administrator (d. 1945)
• 1891 – Laura Gilpin, American photographer (d. 1979)
• 1891 – Harold Jeffreys, English astronomer (d. 1989)
• 1891 – Nicola Sacco, American anarchist (d. 1927)
• 1891 – Vittorio Jano, Italian engineer (d. 1965)
• 1892 – Vernon Johns, American civil rights activist (d. 1965)
• 1904 – Robert Oppenheimer, American physicist (d. 1967)
• 1905 – Robert Choquette, French Canadian novelist, poet and diplomat (d. 1991)
• 1906 – Eddie Albert, American actor (d. 2005)
• 1906 – Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten, second in line to the Swedish throne (d. 1947)
• 1907 – Ivan Efremov, Russian paleontologist and author (d. 1972)
• 1909 – Rita Levi-Montalcini, Italian neurologist, Nobel laureate
• 1909 – Indro Montanelli, Italian journalist and historian (d. 2001)
• 1910 – Norman Steenrod, American mathematician (d. 1971)
• 1912 – Kathleen Ferrier, British singer (d. 1953)
• 1914 – Jan de Hartog, Dutch writer (d. 2002)
• 1914 – Michael Wittmann, German soldier (d. 1944)
• 1916 – Yehudi Menuhin, American-born violinist (d. 1999)
• 1918 – Mickey Vernon, American baseball player (d. 2008)
• 1918 – William Jay Smith, American poet
• 1919 – Donald J. Cram, American chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 2001)
• 1919 – Carl Lindner, Jr., American businessman and philanthropist
• 1922 – Charles Mingus, American musician (d. 1979)
• 1922 – Wolf V. Vishniac, American microbiologist (d. 1973)
• 1923 – Avis Bunnage, English actress (d. 1990)
• 1923 – Bettie Page, American model (d. 2008)
• 1923 – Aaron Spelling, American television producer (d. 2006)
• 1925 – George Cole, English actor
• 1926 – Charlotte Rae, American actress
• 1926 – James Stirling, British architect (d. 1992)
• 1927 – Laurel Aitken, Jamaican singer (d. 2005)
• 1929 – Michael Atiyah, British-Lebanese mathematician
• 1930 – Enno Penno, Estonian politician
• 1935 – Paul Chambers, American jazz bassist (d. 1969)
• 1936 – Glen Campbell, American musician
• 1936 – Pierre Hétu, French Canadian conductor and pianist (d. 1998)
• 1937 – Jack Nicholson, American actor
• 1937 – Jack Nitzsche, American composer (d. 2000)
• 1938 – Adam Raphael, English journalist and author
• 1939 – Mel Carter, American singer
• 1939 – Jason Miller, American playwright (d. 2001)
• 1939 – Theodor Waigel, German politician and finance minister
• 1943 – Louise Glück, American poet and 12th US Poet Laureate
• 1944 – Steve Fossett, American adventurer (d. 2007)
• 1945 – Demetrio Stratos, Italian musician (d. 1979)
• 1946 – Nicole Garcia, French actress and director
• 1946 – Louise Harel, Canadian politician
• 1946 – John Waters, American filmmaker
• 1946 – Steven L. Bennett, USAF Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient (d. 1972)
• 1948 – Larry Groce, American singer and songwriter
• 1950 – Peter Frampton, English musician
• 1950 – Zygi Wilf, owner of the Minnesota Vikings
• 1951 – Paul Carrack, English musician
• 1951 – Ana María Shua, Argentine poet
• 1952 – François Berléand, French actor
• 1952 – Marilyn Chambers, American pornographic actress (d. 2009)
• 1953 – Juhani Komulainen, Finnish composer
• 1953 – Tom Griswold, American radio personality
• 1955 – Johnnie To, Hong Kong film director and producer
• 1957 – Donald Tusk, Polish Prime Minister
• 1958 – Ken Olandt, American actor
• 1959 – Terry Francona, American baseball manager
• 1959 – Catherine Mary Stewart, Canadian actress
• 1959 – Ryan Stiles, Canadian-born actor
• 1960 – Mart Laar, Estonian statesman
• 1960 – Gary Rhodes, English chef
• 1960 – Randall L. Stephenson, American business executive
• 1960 – Tatiana Thumbtzen, American actress, model and dancer
• 1961 – Dewey Nicks, American photographer and film director
• 1962 – Jeff Minter, English video game programmer
• 1963 – Sean Lock, English comedian
• 1964 – Estelle Asmodelle, actress, model & writer
• 1965 – Lauri Hendler, actress
• 1965 – Peter Zezel, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1966 – Fletcher Dragge, American guitarist (Pennywise)
• 1966 – Mariana Levy, Mexican actress (d. 2005)
• 1966 – Jeffrey Dean Morgan, American actor
• 1967 – Sheryl Lee, American actress
• 1967 – Sherri Shepherd, American comedian and actress
• 1967 – Harvey Williams, American football player
• 1968 – Bimbo Coles, American basketball player
• 1968 – Zarley Zalapski, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1969 – Dion Dublin, English footballer
• 1970 – Andrea Giani, Italian volleyball player
• 1970 – Regine Velasquez, Filipino singer and actress
• 1971 – Daisuke Enomoto, Japanese space tourist
• 1971 – Eric Mabius, American actor
• 1971 – Ingo Rademacher, German/Australian actor
• 1972 – Sabine Appelmans, Belgian tennis player
• 1972 – Owen Finegan, Australian rugby union footballer
• 1973 – Adem Poric, Australian footballer
• 1973 – Ofer Talker, Israeli footballer
• 1973 – Christopher Sabat, American voice actor
• 1974 – Shavo Odadjian, Armenian/American bassist (System of a Down)
• 1975 – Greg Moore, Canadian race car driver (d. 1999)
• 1975 – Carlos Sastre, Spanish cyclist
• 1976 – Dan Cloutier, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976 – Paul Henderson, Australian footballer
• 1976 – Michał Żewłakow, Polish footballer
• 1977 – Mark van Bommel, Dutch footballer
• 1977 – Aaron Fink, American guitarist (Breaking Benjamin)
• 1977 – Ambra Angiolini, Italian actress
• 1978 – Ezekiel Jackson, Guyanese professional wrestler
• 1978 – Jason Stollsteimer, American singer (The Von Bondies)
• 1978 – Esteban Tuero, Argentinian race car driver
• 1979 – Zoltán Gera, Hungarian footballer
• 1979 – Daniel Johns, Australian musician (Silverchair)
• 1980 – Nicolas Douchez, French footballer
• 1980 – Courtney Friel, American sports & entertainment reporter
• 1980 – Carlos Hernández, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1980 – Kora Karvouni, Greek actress
• 1980 – Aaron Michael Metchik, American actor
• 1981 – Ken Dorsey, American football player
• 1982 – Tim Hamilton, Czech pornographic actor
• 1982 – Kaká, Brazilian footballer
• 1982 – David Purcey, American baseball player
• 1983 – Matt Jones, American football player
• 1983 – Sam Heads, British entomologist and palaeontologist
• 1983 – Jos Hooiveld, Dutch footballer
• 1983 – Francis Capra, American actor
• 1983 – Evangelos Mantzios, Greek footballer
• 1983 – Natalie White, Winner of Survivor: Samoa
• 1984 – Amelle Berrabah, English singer (Sugababes)
• 1984 – Michelle Ryan, English actress
• 1985 – Matt Ballinger, American singer (Dream Street)
• 1986 – Amber Heard, American actress
• 1986 – Marshawn Lynch, American football player
• 1986 – Dušan Šakota, Serbian/Greek basketball player
• 1987 – Mikel John Obi, Nigerian footballer
• 1989 – Dejuan Blair, American basketball player
• 1989 – Thomas James Longley, British actor
• 1990 – Eve Muirhead, Scottish curler

Deaths

• 296 – Pope Caius
• 455 – Petronius Maximus, Roman Emperor
• 536 – Pope Agapetus I
• 1592 – Bartolomeo Ammanati, Italian architect (b. 1511)
• 1672 – Georg Stiernhielm, Swedish poet (b. 1598)
• 1699 – Hans Erasmus Aßmann, Freiherr von Abschatz, German statesman (b. 1646)
• 1758 – Antoine de Jussieu, French naturalist (b. 1686)
• 1778 – James Hargreaves, English inventor (b. 1720)
• 1806 – Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, French admiral (stabbed) (b. 1763)
• 1833 – Richard Trevithick, English inventor (b. 1771)
• 1839 – Denis Davydov, Russian general and poet (b. 1784)
• 1854 – Nicolás Bravo, Mexican politician and soldier (b. 1786)
• 1877 – James P. Kirkwood, American civil engineer (b. 1807)
• 1892 – Edouard Lalo, French composer (b. 1823)
• 1893 – Chaim Aronson, Lithuanian inventor and academic (b. 1825)
• 1896 – Thomas Meik, British civil engineer (b. 1812)
• 1908 – Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1836)
• 1925 – André Caplet, French composer (b. 1878)
• 1929 – Henry Lerolle, French painter (b. 1848)
• 1930 – Jeppe Aakjaer, Danish poet (b. 1866)
• 1933 – Henry Royce, British automobile manufacturer (b. 1863)
• 1944 – Nikolaos Roussen, Greek naval officer in World War II (b. 1913)
• 1945 – Käthe Kollwitz, German artist (b. 1867)
• 1945 – Wilhelm Cauer, German mathematician (b. 1900)
• 1946 – Harlan F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (b. 1872)
• 1946 – Lionel Atwill, English actor (b. 1885)
• 1950 – Charles Hamilton Houston, American civil rights attorney (b. 1895)
• 1951 – Horace Donisthorpe, British entomologist (b. 1870)
• 1968 – Stephen H. Sholes, American recording executive (b. 1911)
• 1978 – Will Geer, American actor (b. 1902)
• 1980 – Jane Froman, American actress (b. 1907)
• 1980 – Fritz Strassmann, German physicist (b. 1902)
• 1983 – Earl "Fatha" Hines, American jazz pianist (b. 1903)
• 1983 – John Louis Evans, American convicted murderer (executed) (b. 1950)
• 1984 – Ansel Adams, American photographer (b. 1902)
• 1985 – Paul H. Emmett, American chemical engineer (b. 1900)
• 1985 – Jacques Ferron, French Canadian physician, author and politician (b. 1921)
• 1986 – Mircea Eliade, Romanian writer (b. 1907)
• 1988 – Irene Rich, American actress (b. 1891)
• 1990 – Albert Salmi, American actor (b. 1928)
• 1994 – Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States (b. 1913)
• 1995 – Maggie Kuhn, American activist (b. 1905)
• 1996 – Erma Bombeck, American humorist (b. 1927)
• 1996 – Harold "Jug" McSpaden, American professional golfer (b. 1908)
• 1998 – Kitch Christie, South African rugby coach (b. 1940)
• 1999 – Apostolos Nikolaidis, Greek singer (b. 1938)
• 1999 – Chan Canasta, Polish-British magician and mindreader (b. 1920)
• 2002 – Linda Lovelace, American porn actress (b. 1949)
• 2003 – Martha Griffiths, U.S. Congresswoman (b. 1912)
• 2003 – Michael Larrabee, American athlete (b. 1933)
• 2003 – Felice Bryant, American songwriter (b. 1925)
• 2004 – Pat Tillman, American football player and U.S. Army Ranger (killed in action) (b. 1976)
• 2004 – Jason L. Dunham, American Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1981)
• 2005 – Norman Bird, UK character actor (b. 1920)
• 2005 – Robert Farnon, Canadian-born composer and conductor (b. 1917)
• 2005 – Erika Fuchs, German translator (b. 1906)
• 2005 – Philip Morrison, American physicist (b. 1915)
• 2006 – Alida Valli, Italian actress (b. 1921)
• 2007 – Juanita Millender-McDonald, congresswoman from southern California (b. 1938)
• 2008 – Ed Chynoweth, Canadian ice hockey executive (b. 1941)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day
  • Acepsimas of Hnaita and companions (Catholic Church)
  • Epipodius and Alexander
  • April 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Discovery Day (Brazil)
• Earth Day (United States)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada